وَأَحْصَىٰ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ عَدَدًا
"And He has enumerated everything in numbers." (Allah perfectly counts and knows the exact measure of all creations).
1. A statistical table
has at least:
A. four parts ✓ Correct Answer
B. two parts
C. five parts
D. all
Explanation: A standard statistical table
has at least four parts: table number, title, captions (stub and box head), and
body.
2. It describes the
contents of the table:
A. stub
B. title ✓ Correct Answer
C. body
D. none
Explanation: The title of a table
describes what the table contains.
3. A title is the
heading at:
A. top of the table ✓ Correct Answer
B. bottom of the table
C. behind the table
D. none
Explanation: The title is placed at the
top of a statistical table.
4. In tabulation,
column captions are also called:
A. box head ✓ Correct Answer
B. stub
C. body
D. none
Explanation: The headings given to columns
in a table are called the box head.
5. In tabulation, row
captions are also called:
A. box head
B. stub ✓ Correct Answer
C. body
D. all
Explanation: The headings given to rows in
a table are called the stub.
6. The part that
contains column caption:
A. body of the table
B. Stub
C. Foot notes
D. box head ✓ Correct Answer
Explanation: Column captions are contained
in the box head of the table.
7. The part that
contains row caption:
A. Box head
B. Stub ✓ Correct Answer
C. Foot notes
D. Body of the table
Explanation: Row captions are contained in
the stub of the table.
8. To indicate no entry
in a cell of the table we use:
A. zero
B. dashes ✓ Correct Answer
C. a & b
D. all
Explanation: Dashes are used in a table
cell to indicate that no data/entry exists there.
9. Classification
______ the great bodies of data:
A. condenses ✓ Correct Answer
B. spoils
C. expands
D. spreads
Explanation: Classification organizes and
condenses large bodies of data into manageable groups.
10. When data are
classified by two characteristics at a time it is called:
A. one way classification
B. two way classification ✓ Correct Answer
C. three way classification
D. none
Explanation: Classifying data using two
characteristics simultaneously is called two-way classification.
11. A characteristic
divided into two subclasses is:
A. dichotomy
B. two fold division
C. a & b ✓ Correct Answer
D. none
Explanation: Dividing a characteristic
into exactly two subclasses is called dichotomy, also known as two-fold
division — both terms mean the same thing.
12. Frequency
distribution is a form of the data:
A. condensed ✓ Correct Answer
B. expended
C. raw
D. none
Explanation: A frequency distribution
organizes raw data into a condensed, summarized form.
13. The real lower and
upper limits of a class are called:
A. midpoint
B. class marks
C. class boundaries ✓ Correct Answer
D. none
Explanation: The true (real) lower and
upper limits of a class, which remove gaps between classes, are called class
boundaries.
14. The average value
of the lower and upper limits of a class is:
A. class mark
B. mid point
C. class interval size
D. a & b ✓ Correct Answer
Explanation: The average of a class's
lower and upper limits is called the class mark, which is the same thing as the
midpoint.
15. The sum of
relative frequency is:
A. 1 ✓ Correct Answer
B. greater than 1
C. less than 1
D. none
Explanation: Relative frequencies, being
proportions of the total, always sum to exactly 1.
16. The number of
values less than or equal to upper class limit (or less than to upper class
boundary) is:
A. decumulative frequency
distribution
B. cumulative frequency
distribution ✓ Correct Answer
C. frequency distribution
D. relative frequency
distribution
Explanation: Counting values up to and
including each class boundary produces a cumulative frequency distribution.
17. Cumulative
frequency is always:
A. decreasing
B. increasing ✓ Correct Answer
C. both
D. constant
Explanation: As you move through the
classes, cumulative frequency can only stay the same or increase — it never
decreases.
18. Proportion becomes
percentage when multiplied by:
A. 100 ✓ Correct Answer
B. any number
C. a & b
D. all
Explanation: Multiplying a proportion by
100 converts it directly into a percentage.
19. A representation
of the data by a continuous curve:
A. graph ✓ Correct Answer
B. diagram
C. simple bar chart
D. none
Explanation: Data represented using a continuous
curve is called a graph.
20. Simple bar chart
consists of:
A. circular region
B. adjacent rectangles
C. bars of equal width ✓ Correct Answer
D. length of equal
Explanation: A simple bar chart consists
of bars of equal width, with only their length/height varying to represent
values.
21. In simple bar
chart the width of bars has:
A. no significance ✓ Correct Answer
B. importance
C. an important role
D. none
Explanation: In a simple bar chart, only
the bar length matters; the width of the bars carries no meaning.
22. Multiple Bar chart
is an extension of:
A. simple bar chart ✓ Correct Answer
B. histogram
C. pie chart
D. none
Explanation: A multiple bar chart extends
the simple bar chart concept by showing several related bars grouped together
per category.
23. Pie diagram
consists of:
A. circle ✓ Correct Answer
B. bars
C. rectangles
D. all
Explanation: A pie diagram is drawn as a
circle divided into sectors representing proportions.
24. Frequency polygon
smoothed is called:
A. histogram
B. pie chart
C. frequency curve ✓ Correct Answer
D. none
Explanation: Smoothing a frequency polygon
produces a frequency curve.
25. Width of
rectangles in histogram is equal to:
A. class frequency
B. total frequency
C. class interval size ✓ Correct Answer
D. none
Explanation: In a histogram, each
rectangle's width corresponds to the class interval size.
26. Length of
rectangles in histogram is proportional to:
A. class frequency ✓ Correct Answer
B. class interval size
C. total frequency
D. none
Explanation: In a histogram, the height
(length) of each rectangle is proportional to the class frequency.
27. A graph showing
the cumulative frequencies plotted against the upper or lower class boundaries:
A. ogive
B. cumulative frequency polygon
C. simple bar chart
D. (a) & (b) ✓ Correct Answer
Explanation: This graph is known by two
names — both ogive and cumulative frequency polygon refer to the same thing.
28. Cumulative
frequency polygon also called:
A. ogive ✓ Correct Answer
B. frequency curve
C. simple bar chart
D. none
Explanation: The cumulative frequency
polygon is also known as an ogive.
29. The graphic
representation of a time series:
A. historigram ✓ Correct Answer
B. histogram
C. simple bar chart
D. none
Explanation: A time series, plotted with
values against time, is graphically represented as a historigram.
30. A division of a
circular region into different sectors:
A. pie chart ✓ Correct Answer
B. histogram
C. simple bar chart
D. none
Explanation: Dividing a circular region
into sectors to represent proportions is precisely what a pie chart does.
31. Total angles of a
pie chart are:
A. 360 ✓ Correct Answer
B. 180
C. 190
D. 90
Explanation: A full circle (pie chart)
always spans 360 degrees.
32. Frequency polygon
can be obtained by joining the mid points of the tops of rectangles in the:
A. simple bar chart
B. histogram ✓ Correct Answer
C. pie chart
D. none
Explanation: Connecting the midpoints of
the tops of histogram bars produces the frequency polygon.
33. Sigma ‘Σ’
indicates:
A. sum ✓ Correct Answer
B. product
C. division
D. subtraction
Explanation: The Greek letter sigma (Σ) is
the standard mathematical symbol for summation.
34. y₁² + y₂² + y₃² +
y₄² is equal to:
A. Σ (i=1 to n) yᵢ²
B. Π (i=1 to n) yᵢ²
C. Σ (i=1 to 4) yᵢ² ✓ Correct Answer
D. None
Explanation: Since there are exactly 4
terms being summed, this is written precisely as Σ (i=1 to 4) yᵢ².
35. (y₁ − μ)² + (y₂ −
μ)² + (y₃ − μ)² is equal to:
A. Σ (i=1 to 3) (yᵢ − μ)² ✓ Correct Answer
B. Π (i=1 to 3) (yᵢ − μ)²
C. Σ (i=1 to n) yᵢ²
D. Σ (i=1 to 3) yᵢ + μ
Explanation: This sum of three squared
terms is compactly written using summation notation as Σ (i=1 to 3) (yᵢ − μ)².
36. If Σ 2ʸ ; y ∈ D
where D = {2, 3, 4, 7} then Σ 2ʸ =
A. 2² + 2³ + 2⁴ + 2⁷ ✓ Correct Answer
B. 2² + 3² + 4² + 7²
C. 2² + 3³ + 4⁴ + 7⁷
D. None
Explanation: Substituting each value of y
from D = {2,3,4,7} into 2ʸ and summing gives 2² + 2³ + 2⁴ + 2⁷.
37. If y₁ = 2, y₂ = 3,
y₃ = 5 then Σ (i=1 to 3) yᵢ =
A. 30
B. 10 ✓ Correct Answer
C. zero
D. −10
Explanation: Summing the values: 2 + 3 + 5
= 10.
38. The Greek letter Π
indicates:
A. Sum
B. product ✓ Correct Answer
C. division
D. subtraction
Explanation: The Greek letter pi (Π) is
the standard mathematical symbol for a product of terms.
39. The single
numerical fact is:
A. data
B. datum ✓ Correct Answer
C. dates
D. values
Explanation: A single numerical fact is
called a datum; 'data' is the plural form.
40. Outliers are the
values which are:
A. consistent
B. highly inconsistent ✓ Correct Answer
C. matched with whole data
D. none
Explanation: Outliers are extreme values
that are highly inconsistent with the rest of the data set.
41. Census returns
are:
A. primary data ✓ Correct Answer
B. secondary data
C. a & b
D. none
Explanation: Census returns are collected
directly from individuals for the first time, making them primary data.
42. Raw data are:
A. published data
B. secondary data
C. primary data ✓ Correct Answer
D. none
Explanation: Unprocessed data collected
directly from the original source (before any summarizing) is primary data.
43. Data which hasn't
been arranged in a systematic order are called:
A. raw data ✓ Correct Answer
B. grouped data
C. both
D. published data
Explanation: Data that hasn't yet been
organized or arranged is called raw data.
44. Data being used by
an agency which originally collected them are:
A. secondary
B. primary ✓ Correct Answer
C. a & b
D. use less data
Explanation: When the same agency that
collected the data also uses it, that data remains primary data.
45. The data obtained
from college register are:
A. primary ✓ Correct Answer
B. secondary
C. a & b
D. used data
Explanation: A college register is an
original record maintained by the institution itself, making this primary data.
46. The data has been
obtained from news paper are:
A. primary
B. first hand
C. secondary ✓ Correct Answer
D. none
Explanation: Newspapers republish data
originally collected by someone else, so newspaper data is classified as
secondary data.
47. Personal
investigation is a source of:
A. primary data ✓ Correct Answer
B. secondary data
C. used data
D. processed data
Explanation: Data collected directly
through personal investigation/observation is primary data.
48. Data collected
through questionnaire are:
A. primary ✓ Correct Answer
B. secondary
C. a & b
D. printed data
Explanation: Data gathered directly via
questionnaires from respondents is primary data.
49. Data from
publications of FBS are:
A. primary
B. secondary ✓ Correct Answer
C. first hand
D. none
Explanation: For a user relying on FBS's
published reports (rather than collecting it themselves), this data is
secondary data.
50. Data obtained
through internet are:
A. primary
B. secondary
C. a & b ✓ Correct Answer
D. none
Explanation: Data from the internet can be
either primary (e.g. your own online survey) or secondary (e.g. someone else's
published data), so it can be both.
51. Data obtained
through Govt. organization are:
A. primary
B. secondary ✓ Correct Answer
C. first hand
D. none
Explanation: Data published by government
organizations, already collected and compiled by them, is secondary data for
other users.
52. Semi Govt.
organizations are source of:
A. primary
B. secondary ✓ Correct Answer
C. first hand
D. raw data
Explanation: Data published by
semi-government organizations is secondary data for those who use it.
53. News papers are
source of:
A. primary
B. secondary ✓ Correct Answer
C. first hand
D. none
Explanation: Since newspapers report data
already collected by others, they are a source of secondary data.
54. The random errors
sum to:
A. zero ✓ Correct Answer
B. negative
C. positive
D. all
Explanation: By assumption, random errors
are equally likely to be positive or negative, so they sum to zero.
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