وَأَحْصَىٰ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ عَدَدًا
"And He has enumerated everything in numbers." (Allah perfectly counts and knows the exact measure of all creations).
1. Statistics is a:
A. Trick
B. Science ✓ Correct Answer
C. Game
D. Art
Explanation: Statistics is a branch of
science dealing with the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data.
2. Statistics are:
A. Numerical facts ✓ Correct Answer
B. Scientific methods
C. Sample characteristic
D. None
Explanation: In the plural sense,
'statistics' refers to numerical facts systematically collected.
3. Statistics are the:
A. Eyes of administration ✓ Correct Answer
B. Hands of administration
C. Feet of administration
D. Head of administration
Explanation: Statistics are traditionally
described as the 'eyes of administration' since they help decision-makers see
and understand facts clearly.
4. Statistical laws
are true:
A. on the average
B. always
C. in the long run
D. a and c ✓ Correct Answer
Explanation: Statistical laws hold true on
the average and in the long run, not for every individual case.
5. A group of all
members that a researcher would like to study is called:
A. sample
B. population ✓ Correct Answer
C. subset
D. none
Explanation: The entire group a researcher
wants to study and draw conclusions about is called the population.
6. The total group
under discussion is called:
A. sample
B. population ✓ Correct Answer
C. subset
D. none
Explanation: The complete group being
studied or discussed is called the population.
7. A part of
population used to draw inference about the population is called:
A. sample ✓ Correct Answer
B. population
C. total group
D. none
Explanation: A smaller group selected from
the population, used to draw conclusions about that population, is by
definition a sample.
8. Representative part
of population is called:
A. population
B. sample ✓ Correct Answer
C. total group
D. all
Explanation: A representative subset drawn
from the population is called a sample.
9. The purpose of the
sample is to draw inference about:
A. sample
B. population ✓ Correct Answer
C. individual
D. none
Explanation: Samples are collected
specifically so conclusions can be drawn about the larger population.
10. Parameters are
quantities which are:
A. fixed
B. variable
C. constant
D. a & c ✓ Correct Answer
Explanation: A parameter is a fixed,
constant value describing the population — it does not vary.
11. Statistic is a
quantity computed from:
A. population
B. sample ✓ Correct Answer
C. census
D. none
Explanation: A statistic is, by
definition, a numerical value calculated from sample data.
12. Any characteristic
of population is called:
A. parameter ✓ Correct Answer
B. statistics
C. statistic
D. all
Explanation: A numerical characteristic
describing the entire population is called a parameter.
13. A quantity
computed from population is called:
A. statistic
B. statistics
C. parameter ✓ Correct Answer
D. all
Explanation: A quantity calculated using
the full population's data is called a parameter.
14. All samples from a
population are:
A. identical
B. same
C. not identical ✓ Correct Answer
D. all
Explanation: Different samples drawn from
the same population will generally contain different values, so they are not
identical to each other.
15. A quantity which
varies from individual to individual is called:
A. variable ✓ Correct Answer
B. constant
C. fix value
D. single value
Explanation: A quantity that takes
different values across individuals is, by definition, a variable.
16. A variable which
is capable of assuming a numerical value is:
A. qualitative
B. quantitative ✓ Correct Answer
C. constant
D. single value
Explanation: A variable measured in
numbers (like age, height, weight) is called a quantitative variable.
17. A discrete
variable is also called:
A. continuous variable
B. discontinuous variable ✓ Correct Answer
C. attribute
D. categorical
Explanation: Since a discrete variable
takes only separate, distinct values (with gaps between them), it is also
called a discontinuous variable.
18. A qualitative
variable is also called:
A. continuous variable
B. attribute ✓ Correct Answer
C. a & b
D. none
Explanation: A qualitative (non-numerical)
characteristic, like color or gender, is also called an attribute.
19. The continuous
variable is obtained by:
A. weighing
B. measuring
C. a & b ✓ Correct Answer
D. counting
Explanation: Continuous variables (like
height or weight) are obtained through both weighing and measuring, not
counting.
20. A measurable
quantity is:
A. Continuous ✓ Correct Answer
B. discrete
C. qualitative
D. none
Explanation: A quantity that is measured
(rather than counted) on a continuous scale is a continuous variable.
21. Number of flowers
on a tree is a:
A. discrete variable ✓ Correct Answer
B. continuous variable
C. qualitative variable
D. all
Explanation: Since the number of flowers
is counted in whole numbers, it is a discrete variable.
22. Height of plants
is:
A. quantitative
B. continuous
C. a & b ✓ Correct Answer
D. discrete
Explanation: Height is measured on a
continuous numerical scale, so it is both quantitative and continuous.
23. Weights of grains
is:
A. quantitative
B. continuous
C. a & b ✓ Correct Answer
D. discrete
Explanation: Weight is measured on a
continuous numerical scale, so it is both quantitative and continuous.
24. Number of students
in a class is:
A. quantitative
B. discrete
C. a & b ✓ Correct Answer
D. continuous
Explanation: The number of students is
counted in whole numbers, so it is both quantitative and discrete.
25. Atmospheric
pressure is:
A. quantitative
B. continuous
C. a & b ✓ Correct Answer
D. discrete
Explanation: Atmospheric pressure is
measured on a continuous scale, so it is both quantitative and continuous.
26. Number of plants
per plot is:
A. quantitative
B. discrete
C. a & b ✓ Correct Answer
D. continuous
Explanation: The number of plants is
counted in whole numbers, so it is both quantitative and discrete.
27. Number of insects
in a unit area is:
A. quantitative
B. discrete
C. a & b ✓ Correct Answer
D. continuous
Explanation: The number of insects is
counted in whole numbers, so it is both quantitative and discrete.
28. A qualitative
variable is also called:
A. Categorical
B. attribute
C. a & b ✓ Correct Answer
D. none
Explanation: A qualitative variable is
described as both categorical and an attribute.
29. Sex of a person
is:
A. Categorical
B. attribute
C. a & b ✓ Correct Answer
D. none
Explanation: Sex (male/female) is a
qualitative characteristic, making it both categorical and an attribute.
30. Level of
satisfaction is:
A. quantitative data
B. attribute
C. qualitative data ✓ Correct Answer
D. constant
Explanation: Level of satisfaction (e.g.
satisfied/neutral/unsatisfied) is a qualitative, categorical measure.
31. Smoking habits of
residents of an area are:
A. qualitative data
B. attribute
C. quantitative data
D. a & b ✓ Correct Answer
Explanation: Smoking habits describe a
category (smoker/non-smoker), making them both qualitative data and an
attribute.
32. When Statistics
applied in Economics it is called:
A. Economy
B. Econometrics ✓ Correct Answer
C. Econo
D. Econos
Explanation: The application of
statistical methods to economic data and problems is called econometrics.
33. When Statistics
applied in Biological science it is called:
A. Biology
B. Bio
C. Biometry ✓ Correct Answer
D. Bios
Explanation: The application of
statistical methods to biological data is called biometry (or biostatistics).
34. Mean of random
error is:
A. zero ✓ Correct Answer
B. negative
C. positive
D. all
Explanation: By assumption, random errors
are equally likely to be positive or negative, so their mean is zero.
35. A technique in
Statistics that helps in introducing new varieties is:
A. Design of experiment ✓ Correct Answer
B. Descriptive Statistics
C. Inferential Statistics
D. none
Explanation: Design of experiment is the
statistical technique used to test and compare new varieties/treatments under
controlled conditions.
36. Its value cannot
be exactly determined before hand:
A. random variable ✓ Correct Answer
B. fixed variable
C. mathematical variable
D. explained variable
Explanation: A random variable's outcome
depends on chance, so its exact value cannot be known in advance.
37. Its value can be
determined before hand:
A. random variable
B. fixed variable ✓ Correct Answer
C. mathematical variable
D. explained variable
Explanation: A fixed variable's value is
predetermined and known in advance, unlike a random variable.
38. Organizing the
data is a task of:
A. Descriptive statistics ✓ Correct Answer
B. Inferential Statistics
C. a & b
D. Design of experiment
Explanation: Arranging and organizing raw
data is part of descriptive statistics.
39. Summarizing the
data is a task of:
A. Descriptive statistics ✓ Correct Answer
B. Inferential Statistics
C. a & b
D. Design of experiment
Explanation: Summarizing data into
meaningful measures is part of descriptive statistics.
40. Descriptive
statistics provides procedure to:
A. summarize the data
B. Organize the data
C. present the data
D. all ✓ Correct Answer
Explanation: Descriptive statistics covers
organizing, summarizing, and presenting data — all of these together.
41. The procedure of
inferring about the characteristic of the population from sample data is
called:
A. Descriptive statistics
B. Inferential Statistics ✓ Correct Answer
C. a & b
D. Design of experiment
Explanation: Drawing conclusions about a
population based on sample data is the core purpose of inferential statistics.
42. Quantities which
do not vary are called:
A. variables
B. statistic
C. constants ✓ Correct Answer
D. all
Explanation: A quantity that stays the same
and does not change is called a constant.
43. Its domain
contains only one value:
A. constant ✓ Correct Answer
B. variable
C. good
D. bad
Explanation: By definition, a constant can
only take a single, fixed value.
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